Psychosis information: Disorganized Speech and Behavior

Disorganized Speech

Disorganized Speech is the struggle to structure and communicate thoughts in a way that seems to not make sense to others
around you. It is also called "formal thought disorder." There are multiple ways this can manifest.
Examples of speech are from Wikipedia.

Alogia:

Also sometimes classified as a negative symptom, this is the lack of additional information in speech, also called poverty of speech.

Normal speech

Q: Do you have any children? / A: Yes, a boy and a girl. / Q: How old are they? / A: Edmond is sixteen and Alice is six.

Alogia

Q: Do you have any children? / A: Yes. / Q: How many? / A: Two. / Q: How old are they? / A: Six and sixteen. / Q: Are they
boys or girls? / A: One of each. / Q: Who is the sixteen-year-old? / A: The boy. / Q: What is his name? / A: Edmond. /
Q: And the girl's? / A: Alice.

Thought blocking:

Also known as deprivation of thought and obstructive thought, this manifests as an abrubt stop in conversation in the middle
of a train of thought. It may or may not be able to be continued.

Circumtantial speech or thinking:

This is being unable to answer a question without adding excessive detail.

Q: "How have you been sleeping lately?" / A: "Oh, I go to bed early, so I can get plenty of rest. I like to listen to music
or read before bed. Right now I'm reading a good mystery. Maybe I'll write a mystery someday. But it isn't helping, reading I
mean. I have been getting only 2 or 3 hours of sleep at night.

Clanging:

This where words are similar in sound and rhyme instead of words having actual meaning. This could be alliteration or rhyming.
Seen in the manic phase of bipolar, also seen in schizophrenia, and schizoaffective.

"Many moldy mushrooms merge out of the mildewy mud on Mondays"
"I heard the bell. Well, hell, then I fell"

Derailment:

Also known as loose association and knight's move thinking, this is where thoughts frequently move from one idea to another
and they are very obviously unrelated. Often appears in speech, but also in writing.

"The next day when I'd be going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in California"

Distractible speech:

This is like derailment, but it's in response to stimuli.

"Then I left San Francisco and moved to ... Where did you get that tie?"

Echolalia:

This is repeating another person's speech either once or multiple times. It may be repeating only the last few words or only one
word of another person's sentences.

Evasion:

The next logical idea in a sequence is replaced with another idea related to it that isn't accurate or appropriate. Also called paralogia and perverted logic.

Flight of ideas:

Abrupt leaps from one topic to another, with links between them like rhyming, subjects, puns, wordplay, or environmental stimuli.
It is characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar.

Illogicality:

Conclusions are reached which are not following logic, like a faulty inference.

Q: "Do you think this will fit in the box?" / A: "Well of course; it's brown, isn't it?"

Incoherence:

Also known as word salad. Speech is incomprehensible because each individual word makes sense on its own but put together it
sounds like a random string of word.

Q: "Why do people comb their hair?" / A: "Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant. Isn't lettuce brave? I like electrons, hello please!"

Neologisms:

These are completely new words or phrases.

"I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker"

Word approximations:

This is using words to describe something instead of using the name for it. May also be thought of as neologisms,
but this is the more accurate term for it.

Calling a hat a "headshoe"

Overinclusion:

This is the inability to get rid of innappropriate or irrelevant extra details that are associated with some kind of stimuli.

Perseveration:

This is the persistent repitition of words/ideas, even when someone tries to change the subject. Can include giving the same
answer to different questions.

"It's great to be here in Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada."
Q: "Is your name Mary?" / A: "Yes." / Q: "Are you in the hospital?" / A: "Yes." / Q: "Are you a table?" / A: "Yes"

Phonemic paraphasia:

Mispronouncing by putting syllables out of sequence.

"I slipped on the lice and broke my arm"

Pressured speech:

Rapid speech that has no pauses, being difficult to interrupt.

Referential thinking:

Viewing some stimuli as having specific meaning for yourself.

Q: "What's the time?" / A: "It's 7 o'clock. That's my problem."

Semantic paraphasia:

Substitution of inappropriate words in place of what would normally go there.

"I slipped on the coat, on the ice I mean, and broke my book"

Stilted speech:

Highly "intellectual" speech filled with phrases that are excessive or pompous.

"The attorney comported himself indecorously."

Tangential speech:

Wandering from a topic and never returning it or providing the information requested by a question.

Q: "Where are you from?" / A: "My dog is from England. They have good fish and chips there. Fish breathe through gills."

Verbigeration:

Meaningless repetition of words or phrases that replace understandable speech; it is seen in schizophrenia.

Disorganized Behavior

Disorganized Behavior on the other hand is behavior that does not seem to make sense. It seems out of the ordinary, irrational,
or inconsistent to observers. It can manifest in plenty of ways, like lack of inhibition and impulse control, unpredictable or
innapropriate emotional responses, behaviors or movements that appear to serve no external purpose, and agitation.

Purposeless movement:

They might struggle to develop and execute plans, so their actions may look aimless. This would be like pacing around
frequently or getting distracted by things that aren't related to the task they're doing. They may make gestures or
movements that seem purposeless.

Child-like behaviors:

This can manifest as lacking adult seriousness, irritableness, being energetic, and silliness. They may act in a child-like manner
and have trouble doing serious things that require focus.

Socially innappropriate behaviors:

This might manifest as sexually promiscuous or innappropriate behavior, like innappropriate dress and wearing disheveled
clothing. It could also manifest as becoming agitated or anxious without provocation, or jumping from one behavior to the next
very quickly without a warning.

Frequent distractibility:

This affects one's ability to stay on topic, jumping topic to topic or getting distracted by things around them. This often
creates problems in school and at work, where a person would struggle to focus on tasks for long periods of time.